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- <text id=90TT3220>
- <title>
- Dec. 03, 1990: Meanwhile, In Latin America
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 03, 1990 The Lady Bows Out
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 50
- Meanwhile, in Latin America
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>With whole economies at stake, the drug war rages on
- </p>
- <p>By ALAIN L. SANDERS--Reported by Cathy Booth/Miami and John
- Moody/Bogota
- </p>
- <p> As the U.S. wages its frustrating domestic offensive
- against cocaine, Latin American countries are embroiled in their
- own drug battles. An update from the foreign fronts:
- </p>
- <p> Colombia. An eerie truce has enveloped the Great Colombian
- Drug War. To fend off the government's relentless assault on his
- empire, Medellin cartel boss Pablo Escobar Gaviria seems to have
- forsaken bombs and gun battles in the streets, which have killed
- more than 1,000 people in the past 15 months, and opted instead
- for high-profile kidnappings and negotiations. Since August,
- Escobar's mob has been holding seven journalists--including
- Hoy X Hoy magazine editor Diana Turbay, the daughter of a former
- President--and threatening to kill them unless a peace deal
- can be worked out. In the past year authorities have gunned down
- several Escobar associates, and the drug lord has twice narrowly
- escaped capture.
- </p>
- <p> Last week the cartel said hundreds of its members might
- actually surrender and accept a government offer not to
- extradite them to the U.S. if authorities came up with
- additional guarantees. The administration of President Cesar
- Gaviria Trujillo expressed interest in the latest message.
- Government pressure on the cartel's cocaine-refining labs has
- reduced output 15% to 25% from a year ago, forcing the drug
- empire to move some refineries to Peru, Brazil, Ecuador and
- Venezuela. Still, more than 700 tons of refined cocaine flow out
- of Colombia annually.
- </p>
- <p> Mexico. The disruption of cocaine-smuggling routes through
- Panama as a result of last December's U.S. invasion and
- stepped-up U.S. surveillance of the Caribbean basin and the
- Florida coast have sent the drug lords scrambling for their
- maps. Increasing quantities are being rerouted away from Miami
- to the U.S.-Mexico border. According to University of Miami
- professor Bruce Bagley, an expert on the drug trade, smuggling
- from Mexico now accounts for 70% of the coke that reaches the
- U.S.
- </p>
- <p> Unlike his predecessor, Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado,
- Mexico's President Carlos Salinas de Gortari seems determined to
- crack down on the drug lords. In the past 21 months, federal
- judicial police have confiscated 80,000 kilos of cocaine, more
- than was seized during De la Madrid's entire six-year term. But
- the offensive could stall. Last month Salinas announced the
- resignation of his drug czar, Javier Coello Trejo. Reason:
- alleged human-rights abuses by police, including murders.
- </p>
- <p> Bolivia and Peru. The coca cash cow continues to feed the
- economies of both countries, providing peasant farmers with a
- lucrative crop. Bolivia obtains more than a third of its $1.2
- billion in foreign exchange from cocaine, while Peru gets about a
- quarter of its $4 billion. Although both nations would like to
- cease their dependence on cocaine, they dare not press too
- strongly for fear of provoking civil unrest. In Bolivia the use
- of U.S. troops in 1986 to destroy drug labs sparked violent
- protests. Peru's new President, Alberto Fujimori, fearful of
- pushing recruits into the arms of the Shining Path guerrillas,
- has hesitated to unleash the full force of the military in
- interdiction efforts. Both countries prefer to tackle the coke
- problem economically by encouraging farmers to grow other crops.
- </p>
- <p> Central America. With Mexico now the chief entry point for
- U.S.-bound cocaine, the entire region is being crisscrossed with
- routes for ferrying the drug northward. Smuggling is up sharply
- in Guatemala, whose remote mountains and vast jungles provide
- concealment for traffickers along the 540-mile border with
- Mexico. This year Guatemalan authorities have confiscated 2.5
- tons of coke, a fivefold increase from two years ago. Police
- believe Panamanian traffickers are trying to relocate and turn
- Guatemala into a "golden bridge for their goods."
- </p>
- <p> Costa Rica's remote airstrips, meanwhile, are increasingly
- being used for plane-refueling stops, prompting plans to build a
- $20 million U.S.-funded radar station on the country's Pacific
- Coast. And in Panama the effort to shut down money-laundering
- operations has met with limited success. American-installed
- President Guillermo Endara is resisting U.S. pressure to lift
- some bank secrecy laws for fear of damaging the industry.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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